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Dokuz Eylül Üniv. Tıp Fak. Göz Hast AD. 24 consecutive cases of endophthalmitis, 12 cases following intraocular surgery (50%), 10 posttraumatic cases (42%) and 2 cases due to progression of keratitis (8%) are reviewed. 4 cases had undergone enucleation because of light perception. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was performed in 20 cases, in addition to conventional therapy (systemic, periocular, topical antibiotic) and intravitreal antibiotic injection. Viteous culture was performed in 15 and antreior chamber culture was performed in 6 cases. Vitreous culture was positive in 3 of 15 (20%) but no positive culture was obtained from anterior chamber samples. Prior antibiotic therapy is thought as the major reason of negative cultures. Preoperative visual acuities were light perception in 19 cases and counting finger at 1 meter in 1 case. Final visual acuities were between 05./10 and 5/10 in 6 cases (30%), light perception in 12 (60%), no light perception in 2 cases (10%). Navigational vision was obtained by PPV in 30% of cases even though patients had very low vision preoperatively. PPV offers several advantages in the treatment of endophthalmitis by removal of microorganisms, toxins and membranes, allowing better distribution of antibiotics in the vitreous. Keywords : Endophthalmitis, Pars Plana Vitrectomy, Vitreous Culture