\r\nMethods: Forty eyes of 39 patients who underwent vitrectomy for macular hole at our clinic were included. Preoperative and postoperative (6-month) swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT; Topcon) was used to measure macular hole diameter and RNFL thickness. Medical records were reviewed to document preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR), intraocular pressure, anterior and posterior segment findings. Data were statistically compared between groups and between time points.

\r\nResults: Of 40 eyes, 28 had macular hole alone and 12 had macular hole combined with ERM. Mean hole diameter was 609 ± 192.8 µm in the ERM + macular hole group versus 504.3 ± 182 µm in the macular hole-only group (p = 0.109). RNFL thickness increased by 2.2 ± 11.1 µm in eyes without ERM, while a decrease of 1.6 ± 8.0 µm was observed in eyes with ERM (p = 0.292). Anatomical success was achieved in all eyes. Postoperative BCVA improvement was −0.599 ± 0.345 logMAR in the macular hole-only group and −0.413 ± 0.226 logMAR in the ERM + macular hole group; the between-group difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.090). Both groups demonstrated statistically significant postoperative BCVA improvement (macular hole only: p < 0.001; ERM + macular hole: p = 0.002).

\r\nConclusion: Postoperative visual acuity improved significantly in both groups following macular hole surgery. The presence of ERM did not significantly affect visual outcomes, although improvement was numerically greater in eyes without ERM. Keywords : Macular hole, Epiretinal membrane, Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), vitrectomy