2Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia DOI : 10.37845/ret.vit.2026.35.19 Purpose: To determine whether short-term preoperative topical nepafenac 0.1% reduces vitreous inflammatory biomarkers in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and early proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).
Methods: A randomized, double-masked, clinical trial study was done, with a total of 61 subjects, which were allocated to 31 subjects in nepafenac 0.1% group and 30 subjects in the control group. The subjects included were RRD patients with PVR A or B, scheduled for vitrectomy. Vitreous samples were collected during vitrectomy and vitreous biomarker levels (PGE2, COX-2, TGF-β, and monocytes) of each group were analysed.
Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between nepafenac and control groups. The mean (Standard Deviation [SD]) of PGE2 was 89.38 pg/mL in the nepafenac 0.1% group and 91.77 pg/mL in the control group. The median (range) COX-2 in the nepafenac group and control group was 1.47 (1.27-1.57) ng/mL and 1.32 (1.25-1.55) ng/mL, respectively; TGF-β was 43.69 (8.01229.06) pg/mL and 51.83 (15.61-319.58) pg/mL, respectively; and monocytes (comparison of CD14 and CD45) was 86.79 (46.5-96.51) % and 90.25 (24.85-95.24) %, respectively.
Conclusion: Short-term preoperative topical nepafenac does not significantly modulate vitreous inflammatory biomarkers in early PVR. These findings suggest that targeting the COX–prostaglandin pathway alone may be insufficient to influence the complex inflammatory–fibrotic cascade underlying PVR.
Keywords : Retinal Detachment, Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy, Nepafenac, Inflammation Mediators, Vitrectomy